Some Achievements of the Kingdom of Naples and the Two Sicilies
Some Achievements of the Kingdom
of Naples and the Two Sicilies
Achievements of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
Achievements of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
Science and Medicine
1732 the oldest institute of sinology and oriental studies in Europe (the Chinese College of Naples).
1735 first chair of Astronomy and Navigation in Italy established in Naples under Pietro De Martino.
1751 first legislation in Italy on health organization.
1753 first studies of scleroderma with Carlo Curzio.
1754 first chair of economics in Europe established in Naples under Antonio Genovesi.
1764 first studies of epidemiology in Italy with Michele Sarcone.
1782 first anti-tuberculosis prophylaxis intervention in Italy.
1787 birth of modern female obstetric art with Teresa Ployant.
1801 first worldwide discovery of an asteroid: “Ceres Ferdinandea” (Giuseppe Piazzi).
1801 first Mineralogical Museum in the world.
1802 first establishment in Italy of vaccination offices.
1806 first chair of zoology in Italy.
1807 first modern botanical garden in Italy in Naples.
1813 first Italian psychiatric hospital (Royal Asylum of Aversa).
1819 first building constructed for an Astronomical Observatory in Italy at Capodimonte.
1822 first research and publications on homeopathic medicine in Italy.
1828 first experiments in homeopathic medicine in Italy (Palermo).
1832 lowest number of psychiatric patients relative to population in Europe.
1833 highest number in Italy of vaccinated against smallpox relative to population.
1833 highest longevity rate in Europe.
1836 first studies in Europe on muscular dystrophy (Prof. Gaetano Conte).
1838 first studies by Raffaele Piria on salicylic acid, the future aspirin.
1841 first seismological center in Italy at Vesuvius.
1843 first Italian psychiatric journal published at the Royal Asylum of Aversa by Biagio Miraglia.
1845 first Italian meteorological observatory at the foot of Vesuvius.
1845 first institute in the world for the study of volcanic phenomena (Vesuvius Observatory).
1852 first experiment in electric lighting in Italy at Capodimonte.
1856 first electromagnetic seismograph in the world built by Luigi Palmieri.
1860 the lowest infant mortality rate.
1860 highest number of centenarians in Italy.
1860 the highest percentage of physicians per inhabitant in Italy.
Industry and Technology
1739 first breech-loading rifle with powder and air in Italy (Naples, Raimondo de Sangro).
1770 first “maritime carriage” in Europe, precursor of the hovercraft (Raimondo de Sangro).
1830 first aletoscope, optical machine invented by Raffaele Sacco.
1836 first Italian project for a steam automobile (in Sicily).
1839 first gas lighting of an Italian city.
1840 first metalworking factory in Italy by number of workers (Pietrarsa).
1843 first elevator project (“flying chair”) in Italy.
1845 first steam locomotive built in Italy at Pietrarsa.
1846 construction of the first Italian hill locomotive.
1851 first motorized washing machine in Italy in Naples.
1855 first electric telegraph in Italy
1859 first Italian nation and second in Europe for glove production.
Navy and Transport
1781 first modern maritime code.
1818 first steamship in the Mediterranean (Ferdinando I).
1833 first cruise ship in Europe (Francesco I).
1836 first steamship company in the Mediterranean.
1839 first Italian railway: the Naples-Portici line.
1841 first lenticular lighthouse with constant light in Italy at Nisida.
1843 first steam warship in Italy (steam frigate Ercole).
1852 first Italian masonry dry dock in the port of Naples.
1853 first Mediterranean steamship bound for America (the Sicilia).
1853 first vehicular tunnel in Italy in Naples.
1854 first Italian steamship to land in North America.
1858 first Italian railway tunnel at Nocera.
1859 first Italian flag and second in the world for presence in French ports.
1860 the largest shipbuilding industry in Italy by number of workers (Castellammare).
1860 first military fleet in Italy.
1860 first Italian merchant fleet (second in the world).
Law and Institutions
1739 establishment of the first commercial court in Italy.
1774 first establishment in Italy of the motivation of sentences (Gaetano Filangieri).
1777 first Italian State to establish official diplomatic relations with the Russian Empire.
1780 first bar association in Italy.
1783 first anti-seismic laws in Italy.
1796 first Italian city to host a consulate of the United States of America (Naples).
1817 first Italian law for the management and reception of immigrants.
1818 first establishment of the pension system in Italy.
1831 first establishment of unemployment benefits for those unable to work.
1832 first establishment in Italy of an institute for statistical studies.
1839 first Italian legislation for the protection of cultural heritage.
1844 first establishment of a product protection mark (“d.o.c.” for Apulian oil).
1853 first application of the principles of the positive penal school for the rehabilitation of criminals.
1860 lowest number of death sentences in Italy.
Art and Culture
1759 first Italian daily newspaper (Diario Notizioso).
1812 first School of Dance in Italy attached to the Teatro San Carlo.
1860 first city in Italy by number of theaters.
1860 first city in Italy by number of music conservatories.
1860 first city in Italy by number of printing houses.
1860 highest number of university enrollments in Italy.
1860 first city in Italy by number of newspapers and magazines.
Welfare and Society
1763 first Italian cemetery for the poor (“Cemetery of the 366 graves”, Naples).
1783 first European cemetery for all social classes (Palermo).
1789 first allocation of public housing in Italy (San Leucio).
1789 first establishment of free health care (San Leucio).
1818 first Italian school for the blind in Naples.
1832 first Italian ordinance on urban sanitation with separate waste collection.
1835 first Italian institute for the deaf and mute.
1860 first Italian State by percentage of orphanages, hospices, colleges, conservatories, and welfare facilities.
1860 lowest percentage of emigrants in Italy.
Economy and Finance
1860 largest quantity of gold lire held in Italian national banks.
1860 largest quantity of currency in circulation in Italy.
1860 the highest quotation of a state bond on the Paris Stock Exchange.
1860 the lowest tax burden in Europe.
1860 First Commodity Exchange in Italy and second Stock Exchange in continental Europe.
Urban Planning and Infrastructure
1832 first iron suspension bridge in continental Europe over the Garigliano.
1860 Naples most populous city in Italy.
1860 first master plan in Italy for the city of Naples.
