{"id":37799,"date":"2026-05-19T10:01:24","date_gmt":"2026-05-19T08:01:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/new.realcasadiborbone.it\/the-royal-site-of-san-leucio\/"},"modified":"2026-06-05T17:52:42","modified_gmt":"2026-06-05T15:52:42","slug":"the-royal-site-of-san-leucio","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/realcasadiborbone.it\/en\/the-royal-site-of-san-leucio\/","title":{"rendered":"The Royal Site of San Leucio"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"37799\" class=\"elementor elementor-37799 elementor-35258\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f4cd025 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"f4cd025\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-82fe385 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"82fe385\" 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San Leucio\" srcset=\"https:\/\/realcasadiborbone.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Il-Real-Sito-di-San-Leucio-01.jpg 1900w, https:\/\/realcasadiborbone.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Il-Real-Sito-di-San-Leucio-01-300x126.jpg 300w, https:\/\/realcasadiborbone.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Il-Real-Sito-di-San-Leucio-01-1024x431.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/realcasadiborbone.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Il-Real-Sito-di-San-Leucio-01-768x323.jpg 768w, https:\/\/realcasadiborbone.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Il-Real-Sito-di-San-Leucio-01-1536x647.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1900px) 100vw, 1900px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-slide\" data-slide=\"2\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"2 of 2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9f05628 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"9f05628\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-19d3780 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"19d3780\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1900\" height=\"800\" src=\"https:\/\/realcasadiborbone.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Il-Real-Sito-di-San-Leucio-02.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-37800\" alt=\"The Royal Site of San Leucio\" srcset=\"https:\/\/realcasadiborbone.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Il-Real-Sito-di-San-Leucio-02.jpg 1900w, https:\/\/realcasadiborbone.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Il-Real-Sito-di-San-Leucio-02-300x126.jpg 300w, https:\/\/realcasadiborbone.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Il-Real-Sito-di-San-Leucio-02-1024x431.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/realcasadiborbone.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Il-Real-Sito-di-San-Leucio-02-768x323.jpg 768w, https:\/\/realcasadiborbone.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Il-Real-Sito-di-San-Leucio-02-1536x647.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1900px) 100vw, 1900px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-swiper-button elementor-swiper-button-prev\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Previous\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-chevron-left\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M646 125C629 125 613 133 604 142L308 442C296 454 292 471 292 487 292 504 296 521 308 533L604 854C617 867 629 875 646 875 663 875 679 871 692 858 704 846 713 829 713 812 713 796 708 779 692 767L438 487 692 225C700 217 708 204 708 187 708 171 704 154 692 142 675 129 663 125 646 125Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-swiper-button elementor-swiper-button-next\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Next\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-chevron-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M696 533C708 521 713 504 713 487 713 471 708 454 696 446L400 146C388 133 375 125 354 125 338 125 325 129 313 142 300 154 292 171 292 187 292 204 296 221 308 233L563 492 304 771C292 783 288 800 288 817 288 833 296 850 308 863 321 871 338 875 354 875 371 875 388 867 400 854L696 533Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-pagination\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9c1d662 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"9c1d662\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1a43fc7 animated-slow elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1a43fc7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The Royal Site of San Leucio<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-27a5ddf elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"27a5ddf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The Royal Site of San Leucio<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c9b096 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2c9b096\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>San Leucio is more than just one of the various \u201cBourbon sites\u201d: it represented a revolutionary socio-economic institution.<\/p><p>The area was identified by Ferdinand IV in the 1760s, following the completion of the works for the Royal Palace of Caserta. During these years, the young sovereign began to stay more and more often in Caserta, whose surroundings were ideal for his favorite pursuit: hunting. <\/p><p>The Sovereign himself wrote a volume on the subject, titled &#8220;Origine della popolazione di San Leucio&#8221; (Origin of the Population of San Leucio), printed in 1789, in which we read: \u00abIn the magnificent residence of Caserta, begun by my august father and continued by me, I did not find the silence and solitude suitable for meditation and the rest of the spirit; but rather another city in the midst of the countryside, with the same ideas of luxury and magnificence as the capital; so that, seeking a more secluded place that was almost a hermitage, I found the hill of San Leucio suitable. From here, the origins of the colony.\u00bb<\/p><p>Having identified the San Leucio reserve, in 1773 he ordered the construction of a building intended for rest during hunts, later called the \u201cVaccheria.\u201d However, a tragic event occurred in 1778: the Crown Prince Charles Titus died there. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d59b533 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"d59b533\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-235ae99 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"235ae99\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2bd873f elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"2bd873f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"540\" height=\"432\" src=\"https:\/\/realcasadiborbone.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Il-Giardino-allitaliana-e-il-Belvedere.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-37802\" alt=\"The Italian Garden and the Belvedere\" srcset=\"https:\/\/realcasadiborbone.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Il-Giardino-allitaliana-e-il-Belvedere.jpg 540w, https:\/\/realcasadiborbone.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Il-Giardino-allitaliana-e-il-Belvedere-300x240.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 540px) 100vw, 540px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">The Italian Garden and the Belvedere<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8a1626b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8a1626b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e89bd2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8e89bd2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>From then on, the two Sovereigns, heartbroken by grief, no longer wished to live there; nevertheless, the King decided to use it otherwise, precisely for the purpose of deriving some useful benefit from it.<\/p><p>Near the Vaccheria stood the ancient baronial lodge of the Acquaviva family. Ferdinand\u2019s idea was brilliant: he entrusted the architect Francesco Collecini, a pupil of Vanvitelli, with the task of expanding and transforming the Belvedere building into a palace-silk mill, and then building a large site of textile mills all around it\u2014a true \u201cindustrial city\u201d to be populated by workers, while also establishing laws, labor regulations, and standards of living. <\/p><p>The first silk mills were located within the complex itself; then, in 1805, the Filanda dei Cipressi (Cypress Mill) was built, later expanded in 1823 with the creation of an overlying \u201ccoccolliera\u201d intended for storing silkworm cocoons.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-43b502c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"43b502c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c6a0703 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c6a0703\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-238d037 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"238d037\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"538\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/realcasadiborbone.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/La-fontana-di-A.-Solari.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-37803\" alt=\"The fountain by A. Solari\" srcset=\"https:\/\/realcasadiborbone.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/La-fontana-di-A.-Solari.jpg 538w, https:\/\/realcasadiborbone.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/La-fontana-di-A.-Solari-300x201.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 538px) 100vw, 538px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">The fountain by A. Solari<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7b4b529 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"7b4b529\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"476\" src=\"https:\/\/realcasadiborbone.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Il-Real-Sito-di-San-Leucio.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-37804\" alt=\"The Royal Site of San Leucio\" srcset=\"https:\/\/realcasadiborbone.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Il-Real-Sito-di-San-Leucio.jpg 300w, https:\/\/realcasadiborbone.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Il-Real-Sito-di-San-Leucio-189x300.jpg 189w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">The Royal Site of San Leucio<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-646954e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"646954e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-265194b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"265194b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Inside the building were the residences of the company administrator and the parish priest, the school, workshops for spinning and twisting silk, dyeing rooms, and the residence of the teacher and the machinery director. On the upper floor was the royal residence, directly connected via a corridor to the loom room. <\/p><p>There were also rooms used as a ballroom and dining room; particularly noteworthy was the Queen&#8217;s bath, designed with the characteristics of an ancient thermal environment featuring a large oval \u201ccalidarium\u201d tub in Mondragone stone, recessed into the floor and supplied with hot water by a stove located in the compartment below, with walls frescoed by Philip Hackert [Information taken from &#8220;Il Real Sito di San Leucio&#8221;, edited by R.M. SELVAGGI, in &#8220;Album di famiglia. L\u2019iconografia borbonica&#8221;, Associazione Culturale Campania 2000, Arti Grafiche Sud, Naples, pp. 9-15].<\/p><p>As mentioned, the King wanted to populate the site with workers for the silk mills, to the point of establishing a true \u201ccity-state\u201d with its own precise rules and customs.<\/p><p>In his book, Ferdinand IV expresses concern for the education of the workers&#8217; children, for the maintenance of families, and for the tranquility of everyone&#8217;s work, so that every man and woman could live off their own labor with dignity, without falling into idleness, the father of all vice.<\/p><p>In this sense, he dictated the rules of community life and work that made the San Leucio site famous worldwide as one of the first attempts at Enlightenment-style, and even somewhat utopian, agrarian socialism, even if the spirit that moved Ferdinand was a healthy royal paternalism. The King wrote: \u00ab(&#8230;) This norm and these laws to be observed by the inhabitants of San Leucio, who from now on must consider themselves as one single family, are those that I here propose and set forth, more in the form of a Father&#8217;s instruction to his children than as a legislator&#8217;s commands to his subjects\u00bb [In: ibid, p. 14]. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e31e30f e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"e31e30f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e435541 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e435541\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a337cfb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a337cfb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The provisions were many and also concerned aspects of private life:<\/p><ul><li>equality: \u00abno one must distinguish themselves from others except through exemplary conduct and excellence in their craft\u00bb;<\/li><li>marriages: age not less than 20 for men and 16 for women, and, above all, \u00abparents shall not interfere in the choice, but it shall be the free choice of the young people\u00bb; the dowry was abolished, as the sovereign himself provided for it;<\/li><li>\u00abThe purpose of this society is that everyone remains in the place\u00bb: laws were strict for those who wanted to marry outside, who in any case had to leave the colony forever; for men who married external women intending to come and live in San Leucio, the rule was that they first had to learn the trade;<\/li><li>education: compulsory for all, \u00abto become a respectable man and an excellent citizen\u00bb;<\/li><li>remuneration: it was given based on the skill of the individual up to the maximum \u00abenjoyed by the best national and foreign artists\u00bb;<\/li><li>inheritance: wills were abolished, and the only succession was between father and children with equal parts among them, and usufruct to the widow; in the absence of heirs, the deceased&#8217;s assets went to the Monte degli Orfani (Orphans&#8217; Fund);<\/li><li>government: democratic election by the heads of families of 5 individuals chosen from among the wisest, most just, and most prudent;<\/li><li>social measures: a house for the sick; a charity fund subsidized by an income tax on everyone and by free offerings, which provided for the needs of the unfortunate up to funeral rites and religious suffrages; a fight against tax evaders, who were first pointed out for public contempt and, if they repeated the offense, deprived of all forms of assistance;<\/li><li>justice: there was an internal exercise of justice, which went as far as expulsion in serious cases, and handover to state justice in cases of common criminal offenses;<\/li><li>work: the working day was 11 hours; let us remember that in those same years in England, workers (who certainly did not live in the natural beauty of San Leucio!) had no guarantees of any kind, and working days reached up to 16 hours, even for children; furthermore, there was absolute wage parity between men and women.<\/li><\/ul><p>Naturally, after 1860, the site was abandoned to its fate, and then, as always, its memory was erased: \u00abThe 780 gilded silver lilies that were part of the lavish decoration of the Throne Room of the Royal Palace in Naples, produced by that silk mill, were removed by officials of the House of Savoy and burned on September 14, 1861. The 20 pounds of silver obtained would later be sold for a handful of ducats\u00bb [Ibid, p. 15].<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Royal Site of San Leucio The Royal Site of San Leucio San Leucio is more than just one of the various \u201cBourbon sites\u201d: it represented a revolutionary socio-economic institution. The area was identified by Ferdinand IV in the 1760s, following the completion of the works for the Royal Palace of Caserta. During these years, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":37800,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-37799","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>The Royal Site of San Leucio | Bourbon Two Sicilies<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Discover the Royal Site of San Leucio, a historic Bourbon complex and symbol of social, cultural, and industrial innovation in the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/realcasadiborbone.it\/il-real-sito-di-san-leucio\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The Royal Site of San Leucio and the Bourbon Dynasty\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The Royal Site of San Leucio represents one of the most innovative social and industrial projects of the Bourbon dynasty in the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies. Commissioned by Ferdinand IV of Bourbon, the complex became an important manufacturing center and a model of social organization, symbolizing the cultural and reformist vision of the Royal House of Bourbon.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/realcasadiborbone.it\/il-real-sito-di-san-leucio\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Realcasadiborbone.it\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/realcasadiborbonedelleduesicilie\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-06-05T15:52:42+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/realcasadiborbone.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Il-Real-Sito-di-San-Leucio-01-1024x431.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@RealCasaBorbone\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"7 minutes\" \/>\n<script 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