{"id":37773,"date":"2026-05-15T18:58:30","date_gmt":"2026-05-15T16:58:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/new.realcasadiborbone.it\/the-arsenal\/"},"modified":"2026-06-05T17:49:50","modified_gmt":"2026-06-05T15:49:50","slug":"the-arsenal","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/realcasadiborbone.it\/en\/the-arsenal\/","title":{"rendered":"The Arsenal"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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The Arsenal<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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The Arsenal<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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Although the production of weapons has always been active in the Kingdom of Naples since the Norman era, it was only with the accession to the throne of Charles of Bourbon in 1734 that there was a rebirth\u2014after the period of the Habsburg Viceregency, which saw a clear “Spanish” preeminence even in this sector\u2014of a “national production roots, with the pride of national and international competition also in terms of quality” [A. PARLATO, Le armi al tempo dei Borbone, in: AA.-VV., Le armi al tempo dei Borbone, edited by S. Abita, ESI, Naples 1998, p. 14. We rely primarily on this volume for the present reconstruction].<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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The Main Arms Factories<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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Naples \u2013 Plan of Castel Nuovo<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Naples \u2013 Iconography of the Artillery Arsenal in Castel Nuovo<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Expansion project for the Torre Annunziata arms factory<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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One only needs to read the list of the main factories and corps established by Charles and his descendants to understand the importance that this art held in the Bourbon Kingdom.<\/p>

In Naples and its province, the heart of military manufacturing was the urban triangle consisting of the Royal Palace of Capodimonte (where the Royal Steel Factory was located), the Naval Arsenal, and the fortress of Castelnuovo (with the Artillery Arsenal\u2014which had a workforce of 500 workers, both civilian and military\u2014with an annexed Bronze Foundry and Arms Assembly);<\/p>

then there was the Manufactory of the Royal Hospice for the Poor, the Royal Barrel Factory at Poggioreale, the Royal Arms Factory of Torre Annunziata (with a Royal Powder Magazine), the Arenaccia Powder Magazine, the Scafati Powder Mill [Cf. R. PARISI, Salnitriere e polveriere, in: ibid, pp. 57 et seq. Numerous powder magazines were also renovated, including those of Castel dell\u2019Ovo, Capodichino at the Campo di Marte, Capua, Caserta, etc.] and the Pietrarsa Mechanical Factory in Portici.<\/p>

In the Kingdom, mention should be made of the Royal Locksmith Manufactory in Lancusi, near Salerno, the Edged Weapons Workshop of Sparanise, the Royal Pyrotechnic Factory of Capua (others were in Gaeta and Sicily), the Royal Ironworks and Workshops of Mongiana, and an arsenal in Palermo [Cf. G.E. RUBINO, L\u2019artiglieria napoletana e le fabbriche d\u2019armi al tempo di Carlo Filangieri di Satriano, in: ibid, p. 20 et seq. In this essay, the author describes the typology, production, and personnel of each of these factories].<\/p>

Furthermore, the iron and steel industrial production of the Kingdom of Naples was among the first in the world, as is well known.<\/p>

Suffice it to say that “In the production segments of the Royal Workshops of Pietrarsa, between Naples and San Giorgio a Cremano, the number of workers exceeded one thousand units, while the Ansaldo of Sampierdarena in Genoa reached only half of this workforce.”<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Individual Armament of the Bourbon Army<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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The first arms factory commissioned by Charles of Bourbon was the aforementioned one in Torre Annunziata, already active in 1760. Until then, and even during the decades of Tanucci’s government (who never cared much for the military aspect of the Kingdom), as far as weapons were concerned, imports from abroad were often used (the import of 15,000 rifles from Germany is well known) [Cf. G. FIORENTINO, Cenni sull\u2019armamento individuale dell\u2019esercito borbonico 1734-1860, in: ibid, pp. 89 et seq. We take information on the main weapons from this important and precise study]. <\/p>

G. Fiorentino writes that there was: “(…) found years ago in the deposits of Capodimonte an infantry rifle from this period, inspired by the 1754 Austrian army regulation model, but with the miquelet ignition mechanism for the gunpowder, typical of 18th-century Neapolitan weapons, and with a lateral flash guard on the pan as in the Habsburg rifle.<\/p>

This weapon was most likely in service between the mid-1780s and the end of the 18th century” [Ibid, p. 90].<\/p>

The cavalry was also armed with a large and heavy pistol, also of Austrian inspiration.<\/p>

\u201cOfficers of the foot corps had swords with grips typical of the era, frequently with inscriptions praising the sovereign engraved on the blade.<\/p>

The troops were provided, in addition to the rifle, with socket and ring bayonets that were fitted onto the barrel and locked by a rotating ring, the ferrule, thanks to a catch placed below the terminal section of the barrel. The grenadier companies wore daggers attached to the left side of their belts which (…) had a cross-guard hilt and a pommel in the shape of a head, a dog, or a lion. Non-commissioned officers were equipped with a longer and wider dagger, with a large lion-head pommel (…) The Royal Hunters (Cacciatori Reali), in addition to the bayonet, had a large hunting knife at their waist with a bone handle and a wide blade, on which the three golden lilies were engraved, the mark of the Royal Arms Factory…\u201d [Ibid]. <\/p>

There was also the Royal Macedonia regiment, formed by Macedonians and Albanians, who wore uniforms similar to their native costumes, girded by a long and heavy straight sword.<\/p>

While the two companies of Halberdiers of the Royal Palace\u2014the one in Naples and the one in Palermo\u2014had, in addition to the sword, a short halberd on which the Bourbon coat of arms was engraved.<\/p>

In 1788, a new rifle was launched, along with the carbine for the Hunters, the one for the cavalry, and pistols for the mounted troops. Instead, in 1800, Ferdinand IV, restored to the throne after the brief parenthesis of the Parthenopean Republic, issued a new regulation on clothing and armament, which included the introduction of the khanjar, a sidearm of Turkish-Caucasian origin. <\/p>

In previous years, artillerymen were instead equipped with “long and wide daggers with beautiful bronze hilts, in which, at the center of the cross-guard, the emblem of the corps is shown in relief: two crossed cannons with a pyramid of cannonballs below and, on the terminal part, to the right and left, two fleurs-de-lis, while the pommel is shaped like a lion’s head” [Ibid, p. 91]. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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The grenadier companies of the line regiments and the Hunter (Cacciatori) regiments also had a very wide-bladed dagger with a bronze hilt ending in a lion’s head (in 1833, these daggers were also assigned to the firefighters of Naples).<\/p>

After 1815, Ferdinand (now I as King of the Two Sicilies) wanted to merge the two Neapolitan and Sicilian armies, and this initially caused a profound heterogeneity of armament, until he intelligently decided to standardize everything by establishing the adoption of only French models for the entire army.<\/p>

Four models of rifles were then introduced: “the 40-inch (40″) model, 1.47 m long, supplied to the fusilier companies of the line infantry regiments and the Hunter battalions; the 38″ model, 1.415 m long, provided to the grenadier and hunter companies of the line infantry regiments; the 28″ musket with long and short stock, 1.145 m long, assigned to the Horse Bodyguards, the Horse and Foot Gendarmerie, the artillery, the Engineers, military institutes, and veterans; the 22” carbine, 95 cm long, supplied to the line cavalry… <\/p>

All foot troops armed with a rifle or musket were equipped with a socket and ring bayonet. The infantry regiments of the Royal Guard, the Grenadier companies of the line infantry regiments, the foot gendarmes, the Artillerymen, the Engineer battalions, the military institutes, the veterans, and the four Swiss regiments were also provided with an infantry briquet saber (…) The Hunter and Fusilier companies of the line infantry regiments and the Hunter battalions were equipped only with the bayonet” [Ibid, p. 92]. <\/p>

During the years of the Restoration, generals largely adopted the scimitar with an ivory hilt, following the Napoleonic fashion learned in Egypt; otherwise, they had curved swords with highly crafted scabbards, while the Horse Bodyguards adopted after 1830 a sword similar to the Napoleonic one for dragoons, called the “sabre de bataille.” Other officer corps had straight swords of various kinds. <\/p>

As is well known, Ferdinand II also paid great attention to the military world. After founding two new cavalry regiments, equipped with a lance and two pistols, in the 1840s he updated the firearms, while simultaneously the leaders of the Navy equipped the Corps of Marine Gunners with a new weapon. The Hunter battalions were also provided with a more precise 32″ rifle, a “deadly weapon in the hands of expert soldiers,” which had its baptism of fire in 1849 in the campaign against the Roman Republic [Ibid, p. 95]. <\/p>

In that same year, a new cavalry unit was formed, the Horse Hunters (Cacciatori a cavallo) regiment, which was equipped with a new 38″ percussion rifle, pistols, and a slightly curved saber.<\/p>

At the beginning of the 1850s, new 40″ and 38″ back-action lock rifles were manufactured for the infantry, produced in Torre Annunziata and Mongiana.<\/p>

Other firearms were introduced in the final years of the Kingdom, up until 1860, while infantry officers changed their saber model, adopting the French 1845 model (other corps adopted previous models).<\/p>

Imports of weapons from abroad were, however, never definitively suspended [Ibid, pp. 96-97].<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Heavy Artillery<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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After 1846, the pieces of ordnance normally in use were: 33 and 24-pounder coastal guns; 24, 16, and 3, 3\u00bd, and 4-inch English garrison guns; 2, 2\u00bd-inch rockets, 12 and 6-pounder field guns; 32, 24, and 22 carronades; 30-pounder gun-carronades; 8-inch Paixhans howitzers for navy and coast; 117 and 60-pounder shell guns for the navy; 8-inch garrison and siege howitzers; 6 and 5-6-2 howitzers for mountain batteries; 12 and 8-inch mortars; 13-inch stone-throwers; 3, 3\u00bd, and 4-inch English garrison rockets; 2, 2\u00bd, 2\u00bd-inch field rockets.<\/p>

The 80, 117, and 60-pounder howitzers, the carronades, the coastal and naval pieces were made of cast iron, rockets of sheet metal, and the other pieces of ordnance in bronze with a copper and tin alloy (100 to 11). The rockets had a range exceeding 2,000 toises (1 toise = approx. 1.94 m), superior to that of the cannons. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The Arsenal The Arsenal Although the production of weapons has always been active in the Kingdom of Naples since the Norman era, it was only with the accession to the throne of Charles of Bourbon in 1734 that there was a rebirth\u2014after the period of the Habsburg Viceregency, which saw a clear “Spanish” preeminence even […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":37774,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-37773","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nThe Bourbon Arsenal | Kingdom of the Two Sicilies<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Discover the history of the Bourbon Arsenal, a strategic center for the Navy of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies and Bourbon naval development.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/realcasadiborbone.it\/arsenale-borbonico\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The Bourbon Arsenal of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The Bourbon Arsenal represented one of the main strategic and industrial centers of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies. 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